Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. Melanocytes produce melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of the skin, hair, and eyes. Melanoma is less common than other types of skin cancer, but it is more likely to grow and spread if not detected and treated early.
Our team at Dermatology Associates of Central NJ, with offices in Old Bridge, Freehold, and Union, New Jersey, has advanced training in preventing, diagnosing, and treating melanoma. Whether you need a regular skin cancer screening or expert cancer removal, we can provide the care you need.
Key points about melanoma:
Risk Factors:
- Sun Exposure: Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds increases the risk.
- Fair Skin: People with fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes are at a higher risk.
- Family History: Having a family history of melanoma can increase the risk.
- Multiple Moles: Individuals with a large number of moles or unusual moles may be at a higher risk.
Warning Signs:
- A change in the size, shape, color, or texture of a mole.
- The development of a new, unusual-looking mole.
- Itching or tenderness in a mole.
Diagnosis:
- Skin Examination: A dermatologist may perform a visual examination of the skin to check for irregularities.
- Biopsy: If a suspicious mole is identified, a biopsy may be performed to confirm whether it is cancerous.
Staging:
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- Staging helps determine the extent of the cancer and guides treatment decisions. Stages range from 0 (in situ, confined to the top layer of skin) to IV (spread to distant organs).
Treatment:
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- Surgery: Removal of the melanoma and surrounding tissue is a common treatment.
- Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer cells.
- Targeted Therapy: Using drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth.
- Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells.
Prevention:
- Sun Protection: Use sunscreen, wear protective clothing, and avoid excessive sun exposure.
- Regular Skin Checks: Perform self-examinations and see a dermatologist for regular check-ups.
Types of Melanoma:
- Superficial Spreading Melanoma:
- Most common type.
- Typically starts as a flat, irregularly shaped lesion that can gradually become raised.
- Nodular Melanoma:
- Often appears as a raised bump.
- Grows more quickly than other types.
- Lentigo Maligna Melanoma:
- Common in older adults.
- Often develops in areas that have had significant sun exposure over many years.
- Acral Lentiginous Melanoma:
- Often found on the palms, soles, or under the nails.
- Not strongly linked to sun exposure.
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment of melanoma. If you notice any changes in your skin, especially in moles or pigmented areas, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional promptly. Regular skin checks and sun protection are also important preventive measures.
To learn more about melanoma or get the treatment or preventive care you need, call Dermatology Associates of Central NJ, or schedule an appointment through our website.
